Abstract

The Aymara people have played an important role in political organization and participation in the Puno region. Their communal model stands out as an example of participatory democracy and self-government based on the Andean cosmovision. This article analyzes the organization and political participation of Aymara communities from a decolonial perspective, focusing on their struggles for the recognition of their rights in contexts of resource exploitation and social conflict. A bibliographic review was used that included scientific articles on the indigenous social mobilization during the months of December 2022 to February 2023, in which they were severely repressed by State forces. Social science research on communal organization and Aymara political participation was also reviewed. This methodology made it possible to analyze the dynamics of their self-management and political participation. The findings highlight the central role of the community assembly as a key space for deliberation and decision-making, as well as the strategies of resistance and struggle for social justice in the face of mining exploitation in their territories. In addition, patterns of political participation at the local, regional and national levels were identified, reflecting their efforts to defend their collective rights, with special emphasis on their territorial and cultural autonomy. To conclude, the organization and political participation of the Aymara communities of Puno are fundamental for the construction of an inclusive and sustainable governance model. This analysis underscores the need to strengthen their organizational structures and promote policies that respect their worldview and communal practices, contributing to a more egalitarian and participatory society