Abstract

This article commemorates seventy years of the double helix model of DNA and its impact on various disciplines, especially Neurosciences. It provides a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution from Mendel to the postgenomic era. It emphasises how the double helix model revolutionised Molecular Biology and our understanding of heredity, paving the way for advanced medical treatments. The article explores Molecular Genetics’ role in studying neurological disorders, leading to significant advances in Neurogenetics. It also discusses the ethical and philosophical implications of genetic manipulation and the sociocultural impact of DNA. In conclusion, the article highlights the transformative potential of postgenomic technologies like gene editing and synthetic DNA, stressing the need for deep ethical reflection to ensure these advances, initiated by the double helix model, benefit humanity.