Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a widespread condition associated with an elevated risk of adverse outcomes. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold standard treatment, particularly for moderate to severe OSA. However, in many instances, CPAP compliance falls short of expectations, necessitating physicians to consider additional interventions to alleviate patient symptoms. A comprehensive understanding of OSA endotypes and phenotypes can potentially enhance the confidence in selecting the appropriate combination or intervention to improve patient care. In this review, we will discuss various interventions and medications available to enhance the treatment of patients with OSA, following a precision medicine approach. © 2025 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.. All rights reserved.