Abstract

Our review draws attention to a suite of tactics that form the integrated pest management (IPM) approach being developed for use in apple, pear, and cherry to solve new and continuing pest problems. Tactics include development of cultural practices, behavioral tools, spray programs, and biocontrol. All of these have to be embedded in seasonal programs heavily dependent on insecticide sprays. Some approaches are in conflict with sprays, and adjustments have to be made. Many actions support current programs and hopefully will make pest management more integrated with less reliance on pesticides. Others are new tools that can be adopted to gain knowledge and to guide more rational decision-making. The twenty-first century is nearly a quarter done, and our review suggests we have made good progress and that there remains much to do.