Abstract

Extracting conditions of lipid compounds (phospholipids, PLs; ω3 fatty acids, FAs) from Patagonian squid (Doriteuthis gahi) waste were optimised by employment of a Simplex-Lattice design. For it, different concentrations of low-toxicity solvents (ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate; single and binary and ternary mixtures) were tested. As a result, the multiple regression anova proved that the quadratic model was significant (P < 0.05) for PL and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contents and for total polyunsaturated/total saturated and total ω3/total ω6 FA ratios. Thus, the anova application of the fitting model led to the following optimised values for such parameters: 477.42 g kg−1 lipids, 21.48 g 100 g−1 total FAs, 3.48 and 13.03, respectively. The combination of process variable levels which maximised the desirability function (0.49 value) was ethanol/ethyl acetate (0.50:0.50, v/v) and led to values of 412.50 (g kg−1 lipids), 19.05 (g 100 g−1 total FAs), 2.59 and 12.86, respectively, for the above-mentioned lipid parameters. Results were compared to those obtained by the conventional chloroform/methanol procedure. By including an advanced mathematical design, a novel eco-friendly strategy based on the employment of low-toxicity solvents is proposed for the extraction from a marine waste substrate of highly valuable lipid compounds with healthy and nutritional properties.