Abstract

Dye-sensitized solar cells tender a hopeful and affordable preference compared to conventional photovoltaic systems, due to the use of organic sensitizers that proficiently collect and renovate sunlight. The present study two newly synthesized metal-free organic dyes which are specifically designed for use in DSSCs. Metal freeorganic dye derivatives were intended by using 2-bromo-9-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-methoxy-9H-carbazole as an effective electron-donating unit, (5-formylfuran-2-yl)boronic acid and (5-formylthiophen-2-yl)boronic acid as It-spacer units, and cyanoacrylic acid. These compounds' structure has been characterized by using FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy. These dyes exhibited important absorption in the visible spectrum, with prominent peaks at 564 nm (CBFA) and 566 nm (CBTA), demonstrating their capability to harvest light efficiently. Electrochemical studies provided more information, revealing that CBFA and CBTA achieved short-circuit current densities of 11.98 mA/cm2 and 12.94 mA/cm2, respectively, with power conversion efficiencies of 5.76 % and 6.16 %. Electronic levels and bandgap energies were determined using a combination of spectroscopic and voltammetric methods. These observed and computational calculations results show the potential of intentional dye design and sophisticated modelling methods to development DSSC performance and drive advances in solar cell applications.