Abstract

The development of efficient photocatalytic materialsis is crucial to overcome the global energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this context, MXenes, which are two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbonitrides have gained immense attention, owing to their exceptional properties, including high electrical conductivity, large surface area, and tunable surface terminations. When combined with semiconductors, MXene-based hybrids act as effective photocatalysts, due to their favorable interface interactions and formation of Schottky heterojunctions that ultimately enhance charge separation and reduce energy barriers. This review highlights the recent progress in MXene-supported photocatalysts by covering synthesis strategies, structural features, and properties, pertaining to hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen fixation, and organic pollutants degradation. Moreover, this review article concludes with key challenges and future opportunities to guide for further innovations in MXene semiconductor based photocatalysis. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd.