Abstract

The global race toward decarbonization has reached a transformative inflection point as electrification surges across the transportation sector in most of the world. No longer confined to passenger vehicles, electric mobility now spans trucks, ships, and even aircraft, driven by a confluence of environmental mandates, policy momentum, and technological innovation. Nowhere is this shift more pronounced than in Europe, where the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) envisions a seamlessly connected, zero-emissions infrastructure backbone by the midpoint of this century (Figure 1). At the heart of this revolution lies a new breed of ultrafast-charging technologies, electrified highways, and maritime ports-each pushing the limits of energy delivery, grid integration, and power electronics. Yet, as the charging power scales from kilowatts to multimegawatts, and as electric mobility moves from concept to logistics-critical reality, the challenges to the power grid-especially at the distribution level-are becoming clearly visible. This article explores the emerging architectures and innovations required to enable this new era of electric transport, from the Megawatt Charging System (MCS) to medium-voltage (MV) grid integration with solid-state transformers (SSTs) and grid-forming (GFM) battery energy storage systems (BESSs) as key components.