Abstract

The Olefin oligomerization process is still a hot topic in homogeneous catalysis because research focuses on improving the current catalysts, their rational design to generate more effective systems, and industrial challenges to overcome. The most advanced homogeneous catalysts for olefin oligomerization, specifically for ethylene and linear α-olefins (LAOs), are presented in this chapter. The broad variety of olefins produced by homogeneous catalysts plays a crucial role in polyethylene production, petrochemistry, detergents, plasticizers, and lubricating oils synthesis. Research on transition metal complexes of groups IV to X is underway, and it has been found that the type of metal, the structure of the ligands, and the catalyst activation mode all significantly impact the catalytic activity and selectivity of the catalyst. This chapter discusses the main mechanistic oligomerization processes, catalyst reactivities, operating conditions, catalytic activities, selectivities, and current applications. Finally, we provide an overview of the topic, discussing the first principles and challenges in this research area.