Abstract

Scientific knowledge of Andean salt flats remains limited, especially for those lacking formal protection, despite growing industrial interest in their mineral resources. This study presents new ecological and environmental data for the Salar de Loyoques (also known as Quisquiro), located in the northern Chilean Altiplano. We conducted seasonal field surveys assessing hydrochemistry, vegetation, birds, and reptiles, and compared our findings with existing literature. We recorded 18 bird species, including three flamingo species, six of which are classified as vulnerable or endangered, and confirmed a new record of the vulnerable reptile Liolaemus audituvelatus. Vegetation cover was sparse; Azorella compacta, a vulnerable species, was observed. Hydrochemical analysis showed predominance of chloride and chloride-sulfate water types, with elevated levels of B, As, and K. These hydrochemical conditions appear to influence the presence and distribution of sensitive species, particularly those dependent on wetlands and brine pools. The Salar functions as a crucial biological corridor for species of conservation concern. Our results underscore the urgent need for formal protection of this unique high-Andean ecosystem. This study fills a significant gap in knowledge about understudied Andean salt-flats, providing baseline data to inform future conservation and monitoring efforts.