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Rafael Padilla Duran

Full Professor

UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIÓN

Concepción, Chile

Extractive Metallurgy, Pirometalurgy and e Hydrometalurgy; Kinetics and thermodynamics of metallurgical Processes, solid - fluid reactions

METALLURGY, UNIVERSITY OF UTAH. Estados Unidos, 1984
Metallurgy, UNIVERSITY OF UTAH. Estados Unidos, 1977

Professor Full Time

UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCION

Engineering

Concepcion, Chile

1986 - At present
Adjunct Professor Full Time

Technical University of Oruro

Engineering

Oruro, Bolivia

1978 - 1979
Profesor Titular Full Time

UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCION

Ingenieria

Concepción, Chile

1988 - At present


Dissolution kinetics of marmatite in sulfuric acid-ferric sulfate‑sodium chloride‑oxygen media at atmospheric pressure Article ISI HYDROMETALLURGY (2022)
Mechanism and Kinetics of Stibnite Dissolution in H2SO4-NaCl-Fe(SO4)1.5-O2 Article ISI MINERALS (2022)
Kinetics of carbothermic reduction of marmatite in presence of lime Article ISI TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA (2020)
Solvent extraction of copper from sulfate-chloride solution using mixed and modified hydroxyoxime Extractants LIX 84-IC and LIX 860-IC modified hydroxyoxiime extractants Article ISI MINERALS ENGINEERING (2020)
Mechanism and Kinetics of Stibnite Chloridizing with Calcium Chloride-Oxygen at 500 degrees C to 650 degrees C Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2019)
Solvent extraction of copper from sulfate-chloride solution using LIX 84-IC and LIX 860-IC modified hydroxyoxiime extractants Article ISI MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW (2019)
Effect of chloride ions on the copper extraction using LIX 984N and acorga M5910 Ruiz, M.C.; Risso J.; Padilla, R Article SCOPUS Minerals, Metals and Materials Series (2018)
Kinetics of the Cupric Catalyzed Oxidation of Fe-II by Oxygen at High Temperature and High Pressure Ruiz, M.C.; Jerez, O; Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW (2016)
Kinetics of the Cupric Catalyzed Oxidation of FeII by Oxygen at High Temperature and High Pressure Ruiz M.C., Jerez; O, Padilla Article Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review (2016)
Digestion kinetics of arsenic removal from enargite-tennantite concentrates Daroch F.; Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS Minerals Engineering (2015)
Digestion kinetics of arsenic removal from enargite-tennantite concentrates Ruiz, MC; Daroch F., Padilla Article Minerals Engineering (2015)
Galvanic Effect of Pyrite on Chalcopyrite Leaching in Sulfate-Chloride Media Ruiz, M.C.; Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS MINERAL PROCESSING AND EXTRACTIVE METALLURGY REVIEW (2015)
Kinetics of Copper Removal from Sulfidized Molybdenite Concentrates by Pressure Leaching Padilla, Rafael; Opazo, Cristian; Ruiz, Maria C. Article Metallurgical and Materials Transaction B, 46 (2015)
Kinetics of Copper Removal from Sulfidized Molybdenite Concentrates by Pressure Leaching Padilla, R.; Opazo, C.; Ruiz, M.C. Article Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B=> Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science (2015)
Kinetics of the pressure leaching of enargite in FeSO4-H2SO4-O-2 media Padilla, R; Jerez, O Article ISI SCOPUS Hydrometallurgy (2015)
ANTIMONY PRODUCTION BY CARBOTHERMIC REDUCTION OF STIBNITE IN THE PRESENCE OF LIME Padilla, R; Chambi, LC Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF MINING AND METALLURGY SECTION B-METALLURGY (2014)
Kinetics of Copper Removal from Sulfidized Molybdenite Concentrates by Pressure Leaching Padilla, R; Opazo C.; Ruiz, M.C. Article ISI SCOPUS Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science (2014)
KINETICS OF STIBNITE (Sb2S3) OXIDATION AT ROASTING TEMPERATURES Padilla, R; Aracena, A Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF MINING AND METALLURGY SECTION B-METALLURGY (2014)
KINETICS OF STIBNITE (Sb2S3) OXIDATION AT ROASTING TEMPERATURES Padilla, R; Aracena, A; Ruiz, MC Article Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B=> Metallurgy (2014)
Selective arsenic removal from enargite by alkaline digestion and water leaching Ruiz M.C., Grandon L.; Padilla, R Article HYDROMETALLURGY (2014)
Selective arsenic removal from enargite by alkaline digestion and water leaching Ruiz, M.C.; Grandon L.; Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS HYDROMETALLURGY (2014)
Selective Arsenic Removal from Enargite by Alkaline Digestion and Water Leaching Ruiz, M.C.; Grandon, L.; Padilla, R. Article Hydrometallurgy, 150 (2014)
Kinetics of copper dissolution in the purification of molybdenite concentrates by sulfidation and leaching Padilla, R; Letelier H. Article ISI SCOPUS Hydrometallurgy (2013)
Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics of Enargite Oxidation at Roasting Temperatures Padilla, R; Aracena, A; Ruiz, M.C. Article ISI SCOPUS Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science (2012)
Chalcopyrite leaching in sulfate-chloride media at ambient pressure Ruiz, MC; Montes, KS; Padilla, R Article HYDROMETALLURGY (2011)
Chalcopyrite leaching in sulfate-chloride media at ambient pressure Montes, KS; Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS Hydrometallurgy (2011)
Kinetics of the Oxidation of Bismuthinite in Oxygen-Nitrogen Atmospheres Padilla, R; Villa, R.; Reddy, RG Article ISI SCOPUS Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science (2011)
Mechanism of enargite pressure leaching in the presence of pyrite Vera, MV; Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS Hydrometallurgy (2011)
Mechanism of enargite pressure leaching in the presence of pyrite Ruiz, MC; Vera, MV; Padilla, R Article HYDROMETALLURGY (2011)
Copper and arsenic dissolution from chalcopyrite-enargite concentrate by sulfidation and pressure leaching in H2SO4-O-2 Padilla, R; Rodriguez G. Article ISI SCOPUS Hydrometallurgy (2010)
High-Temperature Volatilization Mechanism of Stibnite in Nitrogen-Oxygen Atmospheres Padilla, R; Ramírez, G Article ISI SCOPUS Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B: Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science (2010)
Copper extraction from white metal by pressure leaching in H2SO4-FeSO4-O-2 Gallardo, E.; Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS HYDROMETALLURGY (2009)
Kinetics of copper dissolution from sulfidized chalcopyrite at high pressures in H2SO4-O-2 Padilla, R; Pavez P. Article ISI SCOPUS HYDROMETALLURGY (2008)
Kinetics of pressure dissolution of enargite in sulfate-oxygen media Padilla, R; Rivas, CA Article ISI SCOPUS METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2008)
Effect of variables on the quality of hematite precipitated from sulfate solutions Zapata, J; Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS HYDROMETALLURGY (2007)
Oxygen pressure leaching of white metal Abarzúa E.; Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS HYDROMETALLURGY (2007)
Pressure leaching of sulfidized chalcopyrite in sulfuric acid-oxygen media Padilla, R; Vega, D Article ISI SCOPUS HYDROMETALLURGY (2007)
A novel reaction system involving BaS and BaSO4 for converting SO2 to elemental sulfur without generating pollutants=> Part I. Feasibility and kinetics of SO2 reduction with BaS Sohn,H.Y.; Savic, M.; Padill,R.; Han, G. Article Chemical Engineering Science (2006)
A novel reaction system involving BaS and BaSO4 for converting SO2 to elemental sulfur without generating pollutants=> Part II. Kinetics of the hydrogen reduction of BaSO4 to BaS Sohn, H.Y.; Savic, M.; Padilla, R.; Han, G. Article Chemical Engineering Science (2006)
Determination of coalescence functions in liquid-liquid dispersions Ruiz, MC; Padilla, R Article HYDROMETALLURGY (2005)
Determination of coalescence functions in liquid-liquid dispersions Ruiz, MC; Padilla, R Article HYDROMETALLURGY (2005)
Determination of coalescence functions in liquid-liquid dispersions Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS HYDROMETALLURGY (2005)
Leaching of enargite in H2SO4-NaCl-O-2 media Padilla, R; Giron, D; Ruiz, MC Article HYDROMETALLURGY (2005)
Leaching of enargite in H2SO4-NaCl-O-2 media Padilla, R; Giron, D Article ISI SCOPUS HYDROMETALLURGY (2005)
Analysis of breakage functions for liquid-liquid dispersions Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS HYDROMETALLURGY (2004)
Analysis of breakage functions for liquid-liquid dispersions Ruiz, MC; Padilla, R Article HYDROMETALLURGY (2004)
Analysis of breakage functions for liquid-liquid dispersions Ruiz, MC; Padilla, R Article HYDROMETALLURGY (2004)
Kinetics of the sulfidation of chalcopyrite with gaseous sulfur Padilla, R; Olivares, E.; Sohn, HY Article ISI SCOPUS METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2003)
Kinetics of the sulfidation of chalcopyrite with gaseous sulfur Padilla, R; Olivares, E.; Ruiz, MC; Sohn, HY Article METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2003)
Kinetics of the sulfidation of chalcopyrite with gaseous sulfur Padilla, R; Olivares E., Ruiz; MC, Sohn Article METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2003)
Leaching of sulfidized chalcopyrite with H(2)SO(4)-NaCl-O(2) Padilla, R; Zambrano P. Article ISI METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2003)
Leaching of sulfidized chalcopyrite with H(2)SO(4)-NaCl-O(2) Padilla, R; Zambrano, P; Ruiz, MC Article METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2003)
Leaching of sulfidized chalcopyrite with H2SO4-NaCl-O2 Padilla, R; Zambrano P.; Ruiz, M.C. Article SCOPUS METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2003)
Sulfidation of chalcopyrite with elemental sulfur Padilla, R; Rodríguez, M.; Ruiz, MC Article METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2003)
Sulfidation of chalcopyrite with elemental sulfur Padilla, R; Rodríguez, M. Article ISI SCOPUS METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2003)
Sulfidation of chalcopyrite with elemental sulfur Padilla, R; Rodriguez, M; Ruiz, MC Article METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2003)
Drop size distribution in a batch mixer under breakage conditions Lermanda, P; Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS HYDROMETALLURGY (2002)
Drop size distribution in a batch mixer under breakage conditions Ruiz, MC; Lermanda P., Padilla Article HYDROMETALLURGY (2002)
Drop size distribution in a batch mixer under breakage conditions Ruiz, MC; Lermanda, P; Padilla, R Article HYDROMETALLURGY (2002)
Decomposition of enargite in nitrogen atmosphere Padilla, R; Fan, Y.; Wilkomirsky, I. Article ISI SCOPUS CANADIAN METALLURGICAL QUARTERLY (2001)
Decomposition of enargite in nitrogen atmosphere Padilla, R; Fan Y., Wilkomirsky I. Article CANADIAN METALLURGICAL QUARTERLY (2001)
Decomposition of enargite in nitrogen atmosphere Padilla, R; Fan Y., Wilkomirsky I. Article CANADIAN METALLURGICAL QUARTERLY (2001)
Kinetics of the lime enhanced reduction of Cu2S with carbon Padilla, R; Ruiz, MC Article CANADIAN METALLURGICAL QUARTERLY (2001)
Kinetics of the lime enhanced reduction of Cu2S with carbon Padilla, R; Ruiz, MC Article CANADIAN METALLURGICAL QUARTERLY (2001)
Kinetics of the lime enhanced reduction of Cu2S with carbon Padilla, R Article ISI SCOPUS CANADIAN METALLURGICAL QUARTERLY (2001)
Copper removal from molybdenite concentrate by sodium dichromate leaching Ruiz, M.C. ; Padilla, R. Article HYDROMETALLURGY (1998)
Leaching kinetics of digenite concentrate in oxygenated chloride media at ambient pressure Ruiz, M.C. ; Honores, S.; Padilla, R. Article Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B (1998)
Carbothermic reduction of molybdenite in the presence of CaO Padilla, R.; Ruiz, M.C. ; Sohn, H.Y. Article Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B (1997)
Separation of liquid-liquid dispersions in a deep-layer gravity settler=> Part I. Experimental study of the separation process Padilla, R. ; Ruiz, M.C. ; Trujillo, W. Article HYDROMETALLURGY (1996)
Separation of liquid-liquid dispersions in a deep-layer gravity settler=> Part II Mathematical modeling of the settler Ruiz, M.C. ; Padilla, R. Article HYDROMETALLURGY (1996)
The reduction of stannic oxide with carbon Padilla, R. ; Sohn, H.Y. Article Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B (1979)


Arsenic and antimony removal from copper concentrates by digestion with NaHS-NaOH Ruiz, M.C.; Daroch F.; Padilla, R ConferencePaper SCOPUS TMS Annual Meeting (2015)
Copper removal from molybdenite by sulfidation-leaching process Padilla, R; Letelier H.; Ruiz, M.C. ConferencePaper SCOPUS TMS Annual Meeting (2013)
Removal of arsenic from enargite rich copper concentrates Ruiz Ma.C.; Bello R.; Padilla, R ConferencePaper SCOPUS TMS Annual Meeting (2013)
DECOMPOSITION AND OXIDATION OF BISMUTHINITE IN NITROGEN-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERES Padilla, R; Villa, R. ConferencePaper ISI SCOPUS TMS Annual Meeting (2011)
ENHANCED PRESSURE DISSOLUTION OF ENARGITE USING PYRITE OR FERROUS SULFATE Ruiz, M.; Jerez, O; Retamai, J; Padilla, R ConferencePaper ISI TMS2011 SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1: MATERIALS PROCESSING AND ENERGY MATERIALS (2011)
DECOMPOSITION/VOLATILIZATION OF ENARGITE IN NITROGEN - OXYGEN ATMOSPHERE Padilla, R; Aracena, A ConferencePaper ISI TMS 2010 139TH ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION - SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1: MATERIALS PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES (2010)
Pressure leaching of enargite-pyrite concentrates Ruiz, M.C.; Padilla, R ConferencePaper SCOPUS TMS Annual Meeting (2010)
VOLATILIZATION OF ANTIMONITE IN NITROGEN-OXYGEN ATMOSPHERES Padilla, R; Ramírez, G; Aracena, A ConferencePaper ISI TMS 2010 139TH ANNUAL MEETING & EXHIBITION - SUPPLEMENTAL PROCEEDINGS, VOL 1: MATERIALS PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES (2010)
Precipitation rate of hematite in sulfate media Castillo, D.; Padilla, R ConferencePaper ISI EPD CONGRESS 2008 (2008)
Pressure leaching of enargite in sulfate-oxygen media Padilla, R; Rivas, C ConferencePaper ISI EPD CONGRESS 2008 (2008)
Precipitation of hematite from ferrous sulfate solutions: Effects of variables on the quality of the precipitates Zapata, J; Padilla, R ConferencePaper ISI Sohn International Symposium Advanced Processing of Metals and Materials, Vol 6: NEW, IMPROVED AND EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES: AQUEOUS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSING (2006)
Pressure leaching of white metal as an alternative to conversion Abarzúa E.; Padilla, R ConferencePaper ISI Sohn International Symposium Advanced Processing of Metals and Materials, Vol 6: NEW, IMPROVED AND EXISTING TECHNOLOGIES: AQUEOUS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSING (2006)
Process for converting so 2 to sulfur without generating pollutants through reactions involving BaS and BaSO 4 Savic M.; Padilla, R; Han G. ConferencePaper SCOPUS TMS Annual Meeting (2005)
Environmentally friendly route to copper production: Sulfidation and leaching of chalcopyrite concentrates Padilla, R ConferencePaper ISI METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS PROCESSING: PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGIES: AQUEOUS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSING (2003)
Determination of drop size distributions in a continuous mixer Muller, X; Padilla, R ConferencePaper ISI EPD CONGRESS 2001 (2001)
Sulfidation of chalcopyrite with gaseous sulfur Padilla, R; Torres M. ConferencePaper ISI EPD CONGRESS 2001 (2001)


Preface Jiang T.; Schlesinger M.E.; Padilla, R; Mackey, P. J.; Zhou, G Editorial SCOPUS TMS Annual Meeting (2014)
TMS Annual Meeting: Preface Jiang T.; Masset P.; Yucel O.; Padilla, R; Zhou, G Editorial SCOPUS TMS Annual Meeting (2012)


SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF COPPER FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS CONTAINING CHLORIDE SALTS AND SEA WATER FONDECYT (1150343) Proyecto 2015-2018 Coinvestigador(a)
VAPORIZATION OF SB, AS AND BI IN CHLORINATING ROASTING OF SB2S3, CU3ASS4 AND BI2S3 FONDECYT (1150339) Proyecto 2015-2018 Inv. Responsable
REMOVAL OF ARSENIC FROM COPPER CONCENTRATES BY ALKALINE BAKING AND LEACHING WITH NA2S-NAOH FONDECYT (1120585) Proyecto 2012-2015 Coinvestigador(a)
REMOVAL OF COPPER FROM MOLYBDENITE CONCENTRATES BY SULFIDATION AND LEACHING FONDECYT (1110590) Proyecto 2011-2014 Inv. Responsable
KINETICS OF OXIDATION/VOLATILIZATION OF CU3ASS4, SB2S3, AND BI2S3 IN N2 - O2 MIXTURES FONDECYT (1080296) Proyecto 2008-2011 Inv. Responsable
PRESSURE LEACHING OF ARSENICAL COPPER CONCENTRATES WITH SIMULTANEOUS PRECIPITATION OF ARSENIC AS A STABLE FERRIC ARSENATE FONDECYT (1080289) Proyecto 2008-2011 Coinvestigador(a)
LIXIVIACION EN AUTOCLAVE DE CALCOPIRITA SULFURIZADA. FONDECYT (1050948) Proyecto 2005-2008 Inv. Responsable
TRATAMIENTO HIDROMETALURGICO DE METAL BLANCO FONDECYT (1040421) Proyecto 2004-2007 Coinvestigador(a)
SULFURIZACION DE CALCOPIRITA Y ENARGITA CON AZUFRE ELEMENTAL FONDECYT (1990411) Proyecto 1999-2001 Inv. Responsable
MODELACION MATEMATICA DE UN EQUIPO MEZCLADOR-DECANTADOR PARA EXTRACCION POR SOLVENTE DE COBRE FONDECYT (1980473) Proyecto 1998-2001 Coinvestigador(a)
TRATAMIENTO DE SULFUROS DE COBRE POR CLORURO CUPRICO-OXIGENO FONDECYT (1950783) Proyecto 1995-1997 Coinvestigador(a)
Desarrollo de un Proceso Integrado no Contaminante para el Tratamiento de Concentrado de Cobre FONDEF (FONDEF 2-7) Proyecto 1994-1997 Coinvestigador(a)
MODELACION MATEMATICA DE UN DECANTADOR GRAVITACIONAL PARA EXTRACCION POR SOLVENTES FONDECYT (1930479) Proyecto 1993-1995 Coinvestigador(a)

Rafael Padilla

Full Professor

Department of Metallurgical Engineering

UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIÓN

Concepción, Chile

IGOR WILKOMIRSKY

Professor

Metallurgical Engr.

University of Concepción

Concepción, Chile

Maria Ruiz

Full Professor

Metallurgical Engineering

University of Concepcion

Concepcion, Chile

Oscar Jerez

Ingeniero Metalurgista

Universidad de Concepción

Concepción, Chile

Rafael Padilla Duran

Líneas de Investigación

Educación

METALLURGY, UNIVERSITY OF UTAH. Estados Unidos, 1984

Metallurgy, UNIVERSITY OF UTAH. Estados Unidos, 1977

Experiencia Académica

Professor Full Time

Adjunct Professor Full Time

Profesor Titular Full Time

Article (71)

ConferencePaper (16)

Editorial (2)

Proyecto (13)

SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF COPPER FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS CONTAINING CHLORIDE SALTS AND SEA WATER

VAPORIZATION OF SB, AS AND BI IN CHLORINATING ROASTING OF SB2S3, CU3ASS4 AND BI2S3

REMOVAL OF ARSENIC FROM COPPER CONCENTRATES BY ALKALINE BAKING AND LEACHING WITH NA2S-NAOH

REMOVAL OF COPPER FROM MOLYBDENITE CONCENTRATES BY SULFIDATION AND LEACHING

KINETICS OF OXIDATION/VOLATILIZATION OF CU3ASS4, SB2S3, AND BI2S3 IN N2 - O2 MIXTURES

PRESSURE LEACHING OF ARSENICAL COPPER CONCENTRATES WITH SIMULTANEOUS PRECIPITATION OF ARSENIC AS A STABLE FERRIC ARSENATE

LIXIVIACION EN AUTOCLAVE DE CALCOPIRITA SULFURIZADA.

TRATAMIENTO HIDROMETALURGICO DE METAL BLANCO

SULFURIZACION DE CALCOPIRITA Y ENARGITA CON AZUFRE ELEMENTAL

MODELACION MATEMATICA DE UN EQUIPO MEZCLADOR-DECANTADOR PARA EXTRACCION POR SOLVENTE DE COBRE

TRATAMIENTO DE SULFUROS DE COBRE POR CLORURO CUPRICO-OXIGENO

Desarrollo de un Proceso Integrado no Contaminante para el Tratamiento de Concentrado de Cobre

MODELACION MATEMATICA DE UN DECANTADOR GRAVITACIONAL PARA EXTRACCION POR SOLVENTES