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Roberto Francisco Rondanelli

Profesor Asociado

Universidad de Chile

Santiago, Chile

Dinámica del Clima; Nubes y precipitación; Meteorología; Earth System modelling

Atmospheric Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Estados Unidos, 2009
Geofísica, Mención Ciencias Atmosféricas, UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE. Chile, 2001
Ingeniero Civil Químico, Universidad de Chile. Chile, 2001

Profesor Asociado Full Time

UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE

Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas

Santiago, Chile

2009 - A la fecha

Profesor Asistente Full Time

Universidad de Chile

Santiago, Chile

2009 - A la fecha

Alejandra Molina, 2012, Master in Meteorology and Climate, University of Chile
Pamela Pizarro, 2016, Master in Meteorology and Climate, University of Chile
Valeria Rudloff, 2018, Master in Meteorology and Climate, University of Chile
Esteban Fernandez, 2018, Master in Meteorology and Climate, University of Chile
DIego Campos, 2020, Master in Meteorology and Climate, University of Chile
Mirko del Hoyo, 2022, Master in Meteorology and Climate, University of Chile
Felipe Matus, 2022, Master in Meteorology and Climate, University of Chile
Tomás Gómez, 2023, Master in Meteorology and Climate, University of Chile
Miguel Lagos, 2024, PhD in Fluid Dynamics, University of Chile
Victoria Caballero, 2024, Master in Meteorology and Climate, University of Chile


Cutoff lows over Southwestern South America Article (2025)
Mechanisms for the Influence of the MJO on Precipitation in Southwestern South America Article JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES (2025)
Tornado seasonality in Central-Southern Chile Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2025)
HESS Opinions: The unsustainable use of groundwater conceals a "Day Zero" Garreaud, Rene; Gonzalez, Javier; Gayo, Eugenia Article ISI HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES (2024)
Toward a South American High-Impact Weather Reports Database Salio, Paola; Bechis, Hernán; Ribeiro, Bruno Z.; de Lima Nascimento, Ernani; Galligani, Vito; Alvarenga, Lucas; de los Milagros Alvarezs Imaz, Maria; Baissac, Daiana Marlene; Barle, María Florencia; Bastías-Curivil, Cristian; et al. Article SCOPUS BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY (2024)
Trends in seasonal precipitation extremes and associated temperatures along continental Chile LAGOS-ZUNIGA, MIGUEL ANGEL; Campos, Diego Article ISI SCOPUS CLIMATE DYNAMICS (2024)
Unraveling the Dynamics of Moisture Transport During Atmospheric Rivers Producing Rainfall in the Southern Andes Mudiar, Dipjyoti Article ISI SCOPUS GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2024)
Cooling the Coldest Continent The 4 December 2021 Total Solar Eclipse over Antarctica Article ISI SCOPUS BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY (2023)
ENSO-Related Precipitation Variability in Central Chile: The Role of Large Scale Moisture Transport Campos, Diego Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES (2023)
The role of atmospheric rivers in rainfall-induced landslides: A study from the Elqui valley Matus, Felipe; Rudloff, Valeria Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF ARID ENVIRONMENTS (2023)
An extraordinary dry season precipitation event in the subtropical Andes: Drivers, impacts and predictability Valenzuela, Rail; Garreauc, Rene; Veragua, Ivan; Campos, Diego; Viale, Maximiliano Article ISI WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES (2022)
Impact of biomass burning and stratospheric intrusions in the remote South Pacific Ocean troposphere Daskalakis, Nikos; Gallardo, Laura; Nuess, Johann Rasmus; Thompson, Anne M.; Vrekoussis, Mihalis Article ISI Atmospheric chemistry and physics (2022)
Marea roja» y cambio global: elementos para la construcción de una gobernanza integrada de las Floraciones de Algas Nocivas (FAN). Article CR2 (2022)
Photochemical sensitivity to emissions and local meteorology in Bogota, Santiago, and Sao Paulo: An analysis of the initial COVID-19 Gallardo, Laura; Osses, Mauricio; de Fatima Andrade, Maria; Belalcazar, Luis C.; Carrasco, Paula; Eskes, Henk; Huneeus, Nicolas; Landulfo, Eduardo; Leiva, Manuel; Mangones, Sonia C.; et al. Article ISI ELEMENTA-SCIENCE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE (2022)
Running a Scientific Conference During Pandemic Times Garreaud, Rene; Ralph, M.; Ramos, A. M.; Eiras-Barca, J.; Steen-Larsen, H. C.; Tilinina, N.; Gorodetskaya, I Article ISI BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY (2022)
Automated Low-Cost LED-Based Sun Photometer for City Scale Distributed Measurements TOLEDO-BITTNER, FELIPE IGNACIO Article ISI SCOPUS REMOTE SENSING (2021)
Contaminant emissions as indicators of chemical elements in the snow along a latitudinal gradient in southern Andes Cerda, Sergio; Rowe, Penny M.; Huneeus, Nicolas; Fernandoy, Francisco Article ISI SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)
Temperature and precipitation projections for the Antarctic Peninsula over the next two decades: contrasting global and regional climate model simulations Article ISI CLIMATE DYNAMICS (2021)
The Chilean Tornado Outbreak of May 2019: Synoptic, Mesoscale, and Historical Contexts Vicencio, Jose; Campos, Diego; Garreaud, Rene; Barahona, Camilo Article ISI BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY (2021)
Connection between Antarctic Ozone and Climate: Interannual Precipitation Changes in the Southern Hemisphere Garreaud, Rene; Watanabe, Shingo Article ISI ATMOSPHERE (2020)
Incendios forestales en Chile: causas, impactos y resiliencia ME González, Rodolfo Sapiains, Susana Gómez-González, René Garreaud, A Miranda, M Galleguillos, M Jacques, A Pauchard, J Hoyos, L Cordero, F Vásquez, A Lara, P Aldunce, V Delgado, R Arriagada, AM Ugarte, A Sepúlveda, L Farías, R García, R Rondanelli, R Po Article (2020)
Low-Cost Ka-Band Cloud Radar System for Distributed Measurements within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Toledo, Felipe; Diaz, Marcos Article ISI REMOTE SENSING (2020)
Recent Near-surface Temperature Trends in the Antarctic Peninsula from Observed, Reanalysis and Regional Climate Model Data Bromwich, David H.; Hines, Keith M. Article ISI ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES (2020)
Significant decrease of photovoltaic power production by aerosols. The case of Santiago de Chile Del Hoyo, Mirko; Escobar, Rodrigo Article ISI SCOPUS RENEWABLE ENERGY (2020)
The Central Chile Mega Drought (2010-2018): A climate dynamics perspective Montecinos, Aldo; Veloso?Aguila, Daniel Article ISI SCOPUS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY (2020)
Black carbon and other light-absorbing impurities in snow in the Chilean Andes Cordero, RR; Warren, SG; Stewart, E; Doherty, SJ; Pankow, A; Schrempf, M; MacDonell S.; Neshyba S. Article ISI SCOPUS SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)
Dynamical downscaling over the complex terrain of southwest South America: present climate conditions and added value analysis Gallardo, Laura Article ISI SCOPUS CLIMATE DYNAMICS (2019)
Strongest MJO on Record Triggers Extreme Atacama Rainfall and Warmth in Antarctica Hatchett B.; Rutllant, J. Article ISI SCOPUS GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2019)
Anthropogenic drying in central-southern Chile evidenced by long-term observations and climate model simulations Boisier, J. P.; Ramallo C. Article ISI SCOPUS (2018)
Foehn Event Triggered by an Atmospheric River Underlies Record-Setting Temperature Along Continental Antarctica Bozkurt, D.; Rondanelli, R.; Garreaud, R. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES (2018)
A solar radiation database for Chile Article ISI SCOPUS SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2017)
Implementation of methane cycling for deep-time global warming simulations with the DCESS Earth system model (version 1.2) Villanueva, EF Article ISI SCOPUS Geoscientific Model Development (2017)
Meteorological Interpretation of Orographic Precipitation Gradients along an Andes West Slope Basin at 30 degrees S (Elqui Valley, Chile) Scaff, Lucia; Gascoin, Simon Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY (2017)
Meteorological Interpretation of Orographic Precipitation Gradients along an Andes West Slope Basin at 30° S (Elqui Valley, Chile) Lucia Scaff, Jose A Rutllant; David Rahn, Simon Gascoin Article JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY (2017)
Anthropogenic and natural contributions to the Southeast Pacific precipitation decline and recent megadrought in central Chile Boisier, JP; Rondanelli, R.; Garreaud, RD; Muñoz F Article ISI SCOPUS GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2016)
Deep time evidence for climate sensitivity increase with warming Huber, Matthew; Pepke Pedersen, Jens Olaf Article ISI SCOPUS GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2016)
Deep time evidence for climate sensitivity increase with warming Shaffer, G.; M. Huber, R. Rondanelli Article GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2016)
Extreme temperature and precipitation events in March 2015 in central and northern Chile Campos D.A.; Veloso J.V.; Rondanelli, R. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES (2016)
Impact of Warmer Eastern Tropical Pacific SST on the March 2015 Atacama Floods Bozkurt, Deniz; Arriagada, Andrés Article ISI SCOPUS MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW (2016)
On the Transport of Urban Pollution in an Andean Mountain Valley Arevalo, J.; Baumgardner, D.; Raga, GB; Pozo, D; Ochoa, CA; Rondanelli, R. Article ISI SCOPUS AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH (2016)
The first twenty years (1994–2014) of ozone soundings from Rapa Nui (27° S, 109° W, 51 m asl) Laura Gallardo, Adolfo Henríquez; Anne M Thompson, Roberto Rondanelli; Jorge Carrasco, Andrea Orfanoz-Cheuquelaf Article TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY (2016)
The Solar Spectrum in the Atacama Desert Cordero, RR; Damiani, A.; Seckmeyer, G.; Jorquera J.; Caballero M.; Rowe P.; Ferrer, J; Mubarak, R; Carrasco J.; Rondanelli, R.; et al. Article ISI SCOPUS SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2016)
THE ATACAMA SURFACE SOLAR MAXIMUM Rondanelli, R.; Molina A.; Falvey M. Article ISI SCOPUS Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (2015)
An episode of extremely low precipitable water vapour over Paranal observatory Kerber, F; Querel R.; Rondanelli, R. Article ISI MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY (2014)
Satellite Retrievals of Aerosol Optical Depth over a Subtropical Urban Area: The Role of Stratification and Surface Reflectance Escribano, J; Gallardo, L.; Rondanelli, R. Article ISI SCOPUS AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH (2014)
Ozone distribution in the lower troposphere over complex terrain in Central Chile Seguel, RJ; Rondanelli, R.; Morales, RGE Article ISI SCOPUS Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (2013)
THE LIFE CYCLE OF A RADIOSONDE Flores, F.; Rondanelli, R.; Diaz M.; Querel R.; Mundnich, K; Herrera, LA; Pola, D; Carricajo T. Article ISI SCOPUS Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (2013)
Comment on "Clouds and the Faint Young Sun Paradox" Rondanelli, R.; Lindzen, R. S Article Climate of the past (2012)
Can thin cirrus clouds in the tropics provide a solution to the faint young Sun paradox? Rondanelli, R.; Lindzen, RS Article ISI SCOPUS Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (2010)
Observed variations in convective precipitation fraction and stratiform area with sea surface temperature Rondanelli, R. Article SCOPUS Journal of Geophysical Research (2008)
Atmospheric contribution to the dissipation of the gravitational tide of Phobos on Mars Rondanelli, R.; Thayalan V.; Zuber M.T. Article SCOPUS GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2006)
Mesoscale wind regimes in Chile at 30 degrees S Kalthoff, N; Bischoff-Gauss, I; Fiebig-Wittmaack, M; Fiedler F.; Thurauf, J; Novoa, E; Pizarro C.; Castillo, RN; Gallardo, L.; Rondanelli, R.; et al. Article ISI Journal of Applied Meteorology (2002)
Rapid changes in ozone mixing ratios at Cerro Tololo (30 degrees 10 ' S, 70 degrees 48 ' W, 2200 m) in connection with cutoff lows and deep troughs Rondanelli, R.; Gallardo, L.; Garreaud, RD Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES (2002)


Climate and Weather in Chile BookSection (2021)
PROCESOS METEOROLÓGICOS EN EVENTOS DE PRECIPITACIÓN Y SIMPLIFICACIONES EN INGENIERÍA. BUSCANDO EL EQUILIBRIO ENTRE LA FÍSICA Y LA PRÁCTICA. Miguel Lagos-Zúñiga, Roberto Rondanelli, René Garreaud BookSection (2021)


Tools for DIY site-testing Flores, F.; Rondanelli, R.; Abarca, A; Diaz M.; Querel R. ConferencePaper ISI SCOPUS Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering (2012)


Comment on 'Clouds and the Faint Young Sun Paradox' by Goldblatt and Zahnle (2011) Rondanelli, R.; Lindzen, RS EditorialMaterial ISI SCOPUS Climate of the Past (2012)
Comment on "Variations of tropical upper tropospheric clouds with sea surface temperature and implications for radiative effects'' by H. Su et al. Rondanelli, R.; Lindzen, RS EditorialMaterial ISI JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES (2010)


Studying the aerosol dynamics inside Santiago with high temporal and spatial resolution through a low-cost sun photometer network Diaz, Marcos Proyecto (2023)
A laboratory as tested bed for novel space technologies: from blueprint to orbit Roberto Francisco Rondanelli Rojas Proyecto (2022)
Bridging the Water Adaptation Gap: a Comparative Inter- and Transdisciplinary Perspective of Regional Risks and Vulnerabilities in Drylands in Canada and Latin America Marco Billi Proyecto (2022)
“Compound and cascading climate extremes in Chile” Raul Cordero; Roberto Francisco Rondanelli Rojas Proyecto (2022)
Atacama extreme precipitation events: A general circulation modelling perspective Jose Rutllant; Stephanie Henderson Proyecto (2018)
Black Carbon in the Andean Cryosphere Raul Cordero; Roberto Rondanelli; Nicolas Huneeus; Fabrice Lambert; Jaime Pizarro Proyecto (2016)
Cloud liquid water on the coastal fog forests of Northern Chile: Dynamics, Thermodynamics and their seasonal variability Jose Rutllant Proyecto (2015)
MODELLING THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF METHANE IN DEEP-TIME, GLOBAL WARMING EVENTS USING THE DCESS EARTH SYSTEM MODEL FONDECYT (1150913) Proyecto 2015-2019 Coinvestigador(a)
VARIABILITY OF CLOUD LIQUID WATER ON THE COASTAL FOG FORESTS OF NORTHERN CHILE. FONDECYT (1151125) Proyecto 2015-2018 Inv. Responsable
PROJECTED PRECIPITATION CHANGES IN THE SOUTH-EAST PACIFIC AND IN CHILE=> ASSESSMENT OF UNCERTAINTIES AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES FONDECYT (3150492) Proyecto 2014-2017 Inv. Patrocinante
Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia FONDAP (15110009) Proyecto 2013-2017 Investigador(a)
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF THE PALEOCENE - EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM AND OTHER PAST WARMING EVENTS USING THE DCESS EARTH SYSTEM MODEL FONDECYT (1120040) Proyecto 2012-2015 Coinvestigador(a)
THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SEASONAL CYCLE OF THE SOUTH EASTERN PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS LAYER FROM MULTISATELLITE DATA AND COUPLED MODELS. FONDECYT (11100393) Proyecto 2010-2012 Inv. Principal

Aldo Montecinos

Profesor Asociado

Departamento de Geofísica

UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCION

Concepción, Chile

Mauricio Osses

Académico

Ingenieria Mecanica

Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria

Santiago, Chile

Maisa Rojas

Profesora Asociada

Geofísica

DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOFÍSICA, FCFM, UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE

Santiago, Chile

René Garreaud

Profesor

DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOFISICA, U. DE CHILE

Santiago, Chile

Jose Rutllant

Full Professor

Geophysics

Universidad de Chile, Fac. Ciencias Fisicas y Matematicas

Santiago, Chile

David Laroze

Full Professor

UNIVERSIDAD DE TARAPACA

Arica, Chile

Hector Sepulveda

Profesor Asociado

Geofisica

UNIVERSIDAD DE CONCEPCIÓN

Concepción, Chile

Shelley MacDonell

Researcher

Geosciences

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS EN ZONAS ÁRIDAS

La Serena, Chile

Roberto Rondanelli

Profesor Asociado

Departamento de Geofísica

Universidad de Chile

Santiago, Chile

Marcos Diaz

Asociate Professor

DPTO. INGENIERÍA ELÉCTRICA

UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE

Santiago, Chile

Raul R. Cordero

Profesor

FISICA

UNIVERSIDAD DE SANTIAGO

SANTIAGO, Chile

Manuel Leiva

ACADEMICO

DEPARTAMENTO DE QUIMICA

DEPARTAMENTO DE QUIMICA, FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS, UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE

Santiago, Chile

Eugenia Gayo

Academic

Geografía

Universidad de Chile

Santiago, Chile

Francisco Fernandoy

Associated Professor and laboratory director

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ANDRÉS BELLO

Viña del Mar, Chile

Diana Pozo

Profesor adjunto

Meteorología

Universidad de Valparaíso

Valparaíso, Chile

Rodrigo Escobar

Associate Professor

Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering

Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile

Santiago, Chile

Jorge Carrasco

Investigador Asociado

Centro de Investigación GAIA Antárticaa

Universidad de Magallanes

Punta Arenas, Chile

Gino Casassa

Associate Professor

Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado

UNIVERSIDAD DE MAGALLANES

Punta Arenas, Chile

Fabrice Lambert

Profesor Asociado

Geografía

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Santiago, Chile

Nicolas Huneeus

Associate professor

Geophysics

Universidad de Chile

Santiago, Chile

Jaime Pizarro

Full Professor

Ingeniería Geográfica

Universidad de Santiago de Chile

Santiago, Chile

Francisca Munoz

Data and Computing Manager

Data and Computing

CEntro

Santiago, Chile

Laura Gallardo

Profesora Titular

Geofísica

Universidad de Chile

Santiago, Chile

Mauricio Zambrano-Bigiarini

Associate Professor

Civil Engineering Department

Universidad de La Frontera

Temuco, Chile

Rafael Rodríguez

Profesor Asistente

Instituto Electicidad y Electronica

UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE

Valdivia, Chile

Raul Valenzuela

Profesor Asistente

Instituto de Cs. de la Ingeniería

Universidad de O'Higgins

Rancagua, Chile

Camila Alvarez

Associate Researcher

U. de Chile - Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas

Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia

Santiago, Chile

Ana Cordova

Directora

Meteorología

Universidad de Valparaíso

Valparaíso, Chile

Ximena Castillo

Investigador Asociado

Advance Mining Technology Center

Universidad de Chile

Santiago, Chile

Julio Marin

Académico jornada completa

Meteorologia

Universidad de Valparaiso, Chile

Valparaiso, Chile

Alessandro Damiani

associate reasercher

USACH

Santiago, Chile

Juan Boisier

Investigador

Geofísica

U. de Chile - Centro de Ciencias del Clima y la Resiliencia

Santiago, Chile

Marcelo Matus

Subdirector

Centro de Energía

Universidad de Chile

Santiago, Chile

JORGE AREVALO

Associate Professor (tenured)

Departamento de Meteorología

Universidad de Valparaíso

Valparaiso, Chile

Juan Maureira

Scientist

Center for Mathematical Modeling

University of Chile

Santiago, Chile

Sarah Feron

Investigadora Asociada

Fisica

Universidad de Santiago

Santiago, Chile

Rodrigo Seguel

Investigador Jornada Completa

Departamento de Geofísica

Universidad de Chile / Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia

Santiago, Chile

Deniz Bozkurt

Profesor Adjunto

Departamento de Meteorología

Universidad de Valparaíso

Valparaíso, Chile

Laura Gallardo

Full Professor

Geofísica

Universidad de Chile

Santiago, Chile

María Scaff

Asistant Professor

Geofísica

Universidad de Concepción

Concepción, Chile

Ricardo Abarca

Meteorólogo Investigador

Dirección Meteorológica de Chile

Santiago, Chile

Roberto Francisco Rondanelli

Líneas de Investigación

Educación

Atmospheric Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Estados Unidos, 2009

Geofísica, Mención Ciencias Atmosféricas, UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE. Chile, 2001

Ingeniero Civil Químico, Universidad de Chile. Chile, 2001

Experiencia Académica

Profesor Asociado Full Time

Experiencia Profesional

Profesor Asistente Full Time

Formación de Capital Humano

Article (53)

BookSection (2)

ConferencePaper (1)

EditorialMaterial (2)

Proyecto (13)

MODELLING THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF METHANE IN DEEP-TIME, GLOBAL WARMING EVENTS USING THE DCESS EARTH SYSTEM MODEL

VARIABILITY OF CLOUD LIQUID WATER ON THE COASTAL FOG FORESTS OF NORTHERN CHILE.

PROJECTED PRECIPITATION CHANGES IN THE SOUTH-EAST PACIFIC AND IN CHILE=> ASSESSMENT OF UNCERTAINTIES AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES

Centro de Ciencia del Clima y la Resiliencia

MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF THE PALEOCENE - EOCENE THERMAL MAXIMUM AND OTHER PAST WARMING EVENTS USING THE DCESS EARTH SYSTEM MODEL

THERMODYNAMIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SEASONAL CYCLE OF THE SOUTH EASTERN PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS LAYER FROM MULTISATELLITE DATA AND COUPLED MODELS.