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José Guillermo Santos Blanco

Professor

PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATOLICA DE CHILE

Santiago, Chile

Cinetica y mecanismos de reaccion; Cinetica de reacciones nucleofilicas en solucion; PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL KINETICS AND REACTION MECHANISM

Chemistry, UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID. España, 1971
Chemist, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Chile, 1967

Professor Part Time

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

Chemistry

Santiago, Chile

1971 - A la fecha

Direction of PhD thesis:
María Cubillos Pino
Andrea Basagoitía Gonzalez
Paulina Pavez Guerrero
Paola Campodónico Galdames
Paz Robert Canales
Margarita Aliaga Miranda
Marcela Gazitúa López
Marjorie Cepeda Plaza
Daniela Millán Retamal

About a hundred of direction of undergraduate thesis


Alpha-tocopherol microspheres with cross-linked and acetylated inulin and their release profile in a hydrophilic model Garcia P.; Vega J.; Jimenez P.; Santos J.; Robert P. Article ISI SCOPUS European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology (2013)
Acetylated starch and inulin as encapsulating agents of gallic acid and their release behaviour in a hydrophilic system Robert P.; Garcia P.; Reyes N.; Chavez J.; Santos J. Article ISI SCOPUS FOOD CHEMISTRY (2012)
Concerted aminolysis of diaryl carbonates: Kinetic sensitivity on the basicity of the nucleophile, nonleaving group, and nucleofuge Cubillos M.; Iglesias R.; Santos J.G. Article ISI SCOPUS International Journal of Chemical Kinetics (2012)
Kinetic study of solvent effects on the aminolysis of O-ethyl S-aryl dithiocarbonates Millan D.; Santos J.G. Article JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2012)
Nucleophilic reactivity of biothiols toward coumarin-based derivatives containing a chalcone moiety Garcia-Beltran O.; Cassels B.K.; Gonzalez, C.; Pérez, EG; Santos J.G.; Millan D.; Pavez P.; Aliaga M.E.; Mena N. Article JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2012)
Predicting the reaction mechanism of nucleophilic substitutions at carbonyl and thiocarbonyl centres of esters and thioesters Ormazábal-Toledo, R; Santos J.G.; Millan D.; Cañete, A; Contreras R.; Campodónico, P. R. Article ISI SCOPUS Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry (2012)
The nucleofuge in the pyridinolysis of O-(4-nitrophenyl) S-aryl thio and dithiocarbonates Aliaga M.E.; Gazitua M.; Santos J.G. Article JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2012)
Anilinolysis of Reactive Aryl 2,4-Dinitrophenyl Carbonates: Kinetics and Mechanism Castro E.A.; Domecq C. Article ISI SCOPUS International Journal of Chemical Kinetics (2011)
Kinetic study of the reactions of methyl 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl carbonate with anilines Castro E.A. Article ISI ARKIVOC (2011)
Kinetics and mechanism of the anilinolysis of aryl 4-nitrophenyl thionocarbonates in aqueous ethanol Castro E.A.; Acevedo R. Article ISI SCOPUS Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry (2011)
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Diethyl 4-Nitrophenyl Phosphate Triester: Kinetics and Mechanism Castro E.A.; Ugarte D.; Pavez P. Article ISI SCOPUS International Journal of Chemical Kinetics (2011)
Phenolysis and Aminolysis of 4-Nitrophenyl and 2,4-Dinitrophenyl S-Methyl Thiocarbonates in Aqueous Ethanol Castro E.A.; Cepeda M. Article ISI SCOPUS International Journal of Chemical Kinetics (2011)
Reactions of Aryl Acetates with Secondary Alicyclic Amines in Ethanol/Water Mixtures: Effect of the Solvent Composition on the Kinetics and Mechanism Castro E.A.; Millan D.; Aguayo R.; Campodónico, PR Article ISI SCOPUS International Journal of Chemical Kinetics (2011)
Reactions of O-aryl S-aryl dithiocarbonates with secondary alicyclic amines in aqueous ethanol. Kinetics and mechanism Castro E.A.; Gazitua M. Article ISI JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2011)
Kinetics and mechanism of the reactions of O-aryl S-(4-nitrophenyl) dithiocarbonates with anilines in aqueous ethanol Castro E.A.; Gazitua M. Article ISI SCOPUS Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry (2010)
Reactivity of benzohydrazide derivatives towards acetylation reaction. Experimental and theoretical studies Campodónico, PR; Castro E.A.; Contreras R. Article ISI SCOPUS Chemical Physics Letters (2010)
Concerted Pyridinolysis of Aryl 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl Carbonates Castro E.A.; Ramos M. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2009)
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on the Nucleofugality Patterns in the Aminolysis and Phenolysis of S-Aryl O-Aryl Thiocarbonates Castro E.A.; Aliaga M.; Campodónico, PR; Cepeda M.; Contreras R. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2009)
Kinetics and mechanism of the reactions of aryl chlorodithioformates with pyridines and secondary alicyclic amines Castro E.A.; Gazitua M. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2009)
Mechanistic study on the substitution reactions of O-ethyl S-aryl dithiocarbonates with quinuclidines Castro E.A.; Gazitua M.; Rios P.; Tobar, P. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2009)
Phenolysis of diaryl thiolcarbonates and thionocarbonates Castro E.A.; Cepeda M.; Pavez P. Article ISI JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2009)
Reactions of O-aryl S-aryl dithiocarbonates with pyridines in aqueous ethanol: kinetics and mechanism Castro E.A.; Gazitua M. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2009)
Aminolysis and pyridinolysis of O-aryl S-(4-nitrophenyl) thiocarbonates in aqueous ethanol. Kinetics and mechanism Castro E.A.; Aiaga, M Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2008)
Kinetics and mechanism of the aminolysis of diaryl carbonates Castro E.A.; Soto, C.; Vásquez, B Article ISI SCOPUS ARKIVOC (2008)
Kinetics and mechanism of the pyridinolysis of diaryl carbonates Castro E.A.; Acuna M.; Soto, C.; Trujillo C.; Vásquez, B Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2008)
Reaction of poly-L-lysine with aryl acetates and aryl methyl carbonates. A mechanistic study Castro E.A.; Echevarria, GR; Opazo A. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2008)
Reactions of aryl chlorothionoformates with quinuclidines. A kinetic study Castro E.A.; Aliaga M.; Campodónico, PR; Leis, JR; Garcia-Rio L. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2008)
Effect of substitution of oxygen by sulfur in the nonleaving group of a carbonate: kinetics of the phenolysis and benzenethiolysis of S-methyl aryl thiocarbonates Castro E.A.; Aliaga M. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2007)
Phenolysis and benzenethiolysis reactions of carbonyl and thiocarbonyl compounds from the perspective of the HSAB principle Pavez P.; Herrera B.; Castro E.A.; Toro-Labbe A. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM (2007)
Experimental and theoretical study on the substitution reactions of aryl 2,4-dinitrophenyl carbonates with quinuclidines Castro E.A.; Campodónico, PR; Contreras R.; Fuentealba, P.; Leis, JR; Garcia-Rio L.; Saez, JA; Domingo L.R. Article ISI SCOPUS TETRAHEDRON (2006)
Kinetic and mechanistic study of the reactions of aryl chloroformates with quinuclidines Castro E.A.; Aliaga M.; Campodónico, PR; Leis, JR; Garcia-Rio L. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2006)
Kinetics and mechanism of the reactions of polyallylamine with aryl acetates and aryl methyl carbonates Castro E.A.; Echevarria, GR; Opazo A. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2006)
Kinetics and mechanism of the reactions of S-4-nitrophenyl 4-methylthiobenzoate with secondary alicyclic amines and pyridines Castro E.A.; Aguayo R.; Bessolo, J Article ISI JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2006)
Kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of S-methyl chlorothioformate with pyridines and secondary alicyclic amines Castro E.A.; Aliaga M.; Gazitua M. Article ISI SCOPUS TETRAHEDRON (2006)
Kinetic and thermodynamic study of the reaction of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with L-tryptophan Echevarria, GR; Basagoitia A.; Blanco, FG Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2005)
Kinetics and mechanism of the aminolysis of O-aryl S-methyl thiocarbonates Aliaga M.; Santos J.G. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2005)
Kinetics and mechanism of the anilinolysis of aryl 4-nitrophenyl carbonates in aqueous ethanol Gazitua M.; Santos J.G. Article SCOPUS JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2005)
Kinetics and mechanism of the pyridinolysis of S-2,4-dinitrophenyl 4-substituted thiobenzoates Castro E.A.; Aguayo R.; Bessolo, J Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2005)
Kinetics and mechanism of the reactions of S-2,4-dinitrophenyl 4-substituted thiobenzoates with secondary alicyclic amines Castro E.A.; Aguayo R.; Bessolo, J Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2005)
Relationships between the electrophilicity index and experimental rate coefficients for the aminolysis of thiolearbonates and dithiocarbonates Campodonico, RR; Fuentealba, P.; Castro E.A.; Contreras R. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2005)
Kinetic study of the aminolysis and pyridinolysis of O-phenyl and O-ethyl O-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) thiocarbonates. A remarkable leaving group effect Castro E.A.; Cubillos M.; Aliaga M.; Evangelisti, S Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2004)
Kinetics and mechanism of the pyridinolysis of 4-nitrophenyl and 2,4-dinitrophenyl S-methyl thiocarbonates Castro E.A.; Aliaga M. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2004)
Kinetics and mechanism of the pyridinolysis of S-4-nitrophenyl 4-substituted thiobenzoates in aqueous ethanol Castro E.A.; Vivanco M.; Aguayo R. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2004)
Kinetics and mechanisms of the pyridinolysis of phenyl and 4-nitrophenyl chlorothionoformates. Formation and hydrolysis of 1-(aryloxythiocarbonyl)pyridinium cations Castro E.A.; Cubillos M. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2004)
Relationship between nucleophilicity/electrophilicity indices and reaction mechanisms for the nucleophilic substitution reactions of carbonyl compounds Campodonico, P; Andres, J.; Contreras R. Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2004)
A theoretical study on the relationship between nucleophilicity and ionization potentials in solution phase Contreras R.; Andres, J.; Safont, VS; Campodonico, P Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A (2003)
Influence of the polarity of the medium on the catalysis of formation, rate of hydrolysis and stability of the Schiff bases formed by pyridoxal 5 '-phosphate with L-tryptophan Gorostidi, GRE; Basagoitia A.; Castillo M.; Blanco, FG Article ISI SCOPUS BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN (2003)
Kinetic investigation of the reactions of S-4-nitrophenyl 4-substituted thiobenzoates with secondary alicyclic amines in aqueous ethanol Castro E.A.; Bessolo, J; Aguayo R. Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2003)
Kinetic study of the phenolysis of O-methyl and O-phenyl O-2,4-dinitrophenyl thiocarbonates and O-ethyl 2,4-dinitrophenyl dithiocarbonate Castro E.A.; Arellano D.; Pavez P. Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2003)
Kinetics and mechanism of the aminolysis of 4-methylphenyl and 4-chlorophenyl 2,4-dinitrophenyl carbonates in aqueous ethanol Castro E.A.; Campodonico, P; Toro A. Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2003)
Kinetics and mechanism of the aminolysis of 4-methylphenyl and 4-chlorophenyl 4-nitrophenyl carbonates in aqueous ethanol Castro E.A.; Andujar, M; Toro A. Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2003)
Kinetics and mechanism of the benzenethiolysis of 2,4-dinitrophenyl and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl methyl carbonates and S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) and S-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) ethyl thiolcarbonates Castro E.A.; Pavez P. Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2003)
Kinetics and mechanism of the benzenethiolysis of O-ethyl S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) and O-ethyl S-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) dithiocarbonates and O-methyl O-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) thiocarbonate Castro E.A.; Pavez P. Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2003)
Schiff's bases formed between pyridoxal 5 '-phosphate and 4-aminobutanoic acid. Kinetic and thermodynamic study Gorostidi, GRE; Castellanos, MG; Perez, PM; Blanco, FG Article ISI SCOPUS BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN (2003)
Determination of the rates of formation and hydrolysis of the Schiff bases formed by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with L-tryptophan and its methyl and n-butyl esters Gorostidi, GRE; Basagoitia A.; Blanco, FG Article ISI SCOPUS BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN (2002)
Kinetic and mechanistic investigation of the aminolysis of 3-methoxyphenyl 3-nitrophenyl thionocarbonate, 3-chlorophenyl 3-nitrophenyl thionocarbonate, and bis(3-nitrophenyl) thionocarbonate Castro E.A.; GÃ¡lvez Ã.; Leandro, L Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2002)
Kinetics and mechanism of the aminolysis of 4-nitrophenyl and 2,4-dinitrophenyl 4-methylphenyl carbonates in aqueous ethanol Castro E.A.; Andujar, M; Campodonico, P Article ISI SCOPUS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS (2002)
Kinetics and mechanism of the aminolysis of methyl 4-nitrophenyl, methyl 2,4-dinitrophenyl, and phenyl 2,4-dinitrophenyl carbonates Castro E.A.; Aliaga M.; Campodonico, P Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2002)
Kinetics and mechanism of the phenolysis of asymmetric diaryl carbonates Castro E.A.; Pavez P. Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2002)
On the L-DOPA and carbidopa reactivity against pyridoxal 5 '-phosphate. A kinetic study Gorostidi, GRE; Figueroa J.; Blanco, FG Article ISI BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN (2002)
Concerted mechanisms of the reactions of 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl methyl carbonate and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl acetate with secondary alicyclic amines Castro E.A.; Cubillos M. Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2001)
Concerted mechanisms of the reactions of methyl aryl carbonates with substituted phenoxide ions Castro E.A.; Pavez P. Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2001)
Kinetic investigation of the phenolysis of phenyl 4-nitrophenyl and phenyl 2,4-dinitrophenyl carbonates Angel M.; Pavez P.; Santos J.G. Article JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 2 (2001)
Kinetic study of the phenolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) carbonate, bis(4-nitrophenyl) thionocarbonate, and methyl 4-nitrophenyl thionocarbonate Castro E.A.; Angel M.; Arellano D. Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2001)
Kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of 3-methoxyphenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, and 4-cyanophenyl 4-nitrophenyl thionocarbonates with alicyclic amines Castro E.A.; Leandro, L; Quesieh, N Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2001)
Structure-reactivity correlations in the aminolysis of aryl chloroformates Castro E.A.; Ruiz, MG Article ISI SCOPUS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS (2001)
Determination of the rates of formation and hydrolysis of the Schiff bases formed by pyridoxal 5 '-phosphate and hydrazinic compounds Echevarria, GR; Basagoitia A.; Blanco, FG Article ISI SCOPUS JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL (2000)
Kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of 4-nitro- and 3-nitrophenyl 4-methylphenyl thionocarbonates with alicyclic amines and pyridines Castro E.A.; Garcia P.; Leandro, L; Quesieh, N; Rebolledo A. Article ISI JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2000)
Concerted mechanisms of the reactions of ethyl S-aryl thiocarbonates with substituted phenoxide ions Paves P.; Santos J.G. Article JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1999)
Kinetics and mechanism of the aminolysis of O-phenyl 4-nitrophenyl dithiocarbonate in aqueous ethanol Leandro, L; Santos J.G. Article INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS (1999)
Kinetics and mechanism of the aminolysis of phenyl and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformates in aqueous solution Salinas S.; Santos J.G. Article JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1999)
Kinetics and mechanism of the aminolysis of phenyl and methyl 4- nitrophenyl thionocarbonates Saavedra C.; Santos J.G.; Umana M.I. Article JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1999)
Kinetics and mechanism of the reactions of anilines with ethyl S-aryl thiocarbonates Leandro, L; Millán P.; Santos J.G. Article JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1999)
Kinetics and mechanism of the reactions of quinuclidines with ethyl S- aryl thiolcarbonates Munoz P.; Santos J.G. Article JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1999)
Mechanism of the alkaline hydrolysis of O-ethyl S-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) thio-and dithiocarbonates Cubillos M.; Santos J.G.; Bujan E.I.; Remedi M.V.; Fernandez M.A.; De Rossi R.H. Article Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin Transactions 2 (1999)
Structure-reactivity correlations in the aminolysis of ethyl S-aryl thiolcarbonates Cubillos M.; Santos J.G. Article JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1999)
Concerted mechanism of the reactions of 2,4-dinitrophenyl 4-cyanobenzoate with secondary alicyclic amines in aqueous ethanol Hormazábal, A; Santos J.G. Article INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS (1998)
Concerted mechanisms of the reactions of phenyl and 4-nitrophenyl chlorothionoformates with substituted phenoxide ions Castromaria Cubillos E.A.; Santos J.G. Article JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1998)
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Aminolysis of Phenyl and 4-Nitrophenyl Chlorothionoformates Cubillos M.; Santos J.G. Article JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1997)
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Pyridinolysis of 2,4-Dinitrophenyl and 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl O-Ethyl Dithiocarbonates Araneda C.A.; Santos J.G. Article JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1997)
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Pyridinolysis of Alkyl Aryl Thionocarbonates Cubillos M.; Santos J.G.; Tellez, J Article JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1997)
Structure - Reactivity correlation in the reactions of pyrrolidine with O-ethyl S-aryl dithiocarbonates in aqueous ethanol Cabrera M.; Santos J.G. Article INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS (1997)
Structure-Reactivity Correlations in the Aminolysis and Pyridinolysis of Bis(phenyl) and Bis(4-nitrophenyl) Thionocarbonates Santos J.G.; Tellez, J; Umana M.I. Article JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1997)
Kinetics and mechanism of the aminolysis of phenyl and 4-nitrophenyl ethyl thionocarbonates Cubillos M.; Santos J.G. Article JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (1996)


Dual Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of O,O-Diethyl 2,4-dinitrophenyl Phosphate and Thionophosphate Triesters AGUAYO RAUL, ARIAS FELIPE , CAN˜ ETE ALVARO , ZUNIGA CAROLINA,CASTRO ENRIQUE A. , PAVEZ PAULINA ,SANTOS JOSE G. JournalWhole ¿
Influence of the ionic liquid on the rate and the mechanism of reaction of p-nitrophenyl acetate with secondary alicyclic amines Millan Daniela, Rojas Mabel, Pavez Paulina, Isaacs Mauricio, Diaz Carlos , Santos Jose´ G. JournalWhole ¿
Kinetic and theoretical study on nucleofugality in the phenolysis of 3-nitrophenyl and 4-nitrophenyl 4-cyanophenyl thionocarbonates Castro,Enrique A. ,Cañete Alvaro , Campodónico Paola R. , Cepeda Marjorie , Pavez Paulina, Contreras Renato, Santos José G. JournalWhole ¿
Kinetics andmechanism of the aminolysis of bis (4-nitrophenyl) carbonate and O-(4-nitropheny) S-(4-nitrophenyl) thio and dithiocarbonate EnriquCastro Enrique A. , Aliaga Margarita E. , Gazitúa Marcela , Pavez Paulina, Santos José G. JournalWhole ¿